छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज

शिवाजी शहाजी भोसले

 

शिवरायांची राजमुद्रा :

Sanskrit:
“प्रतिपच्चंद्रलेखेव वर्धिष्णुर्विश्ववंदिता शाहसुनोः शिवस्यैषा मुद्रा भद्राय राजते।”

Marathi:
प्रतिपदेचा चन्द्र जसा वाढत जातो, आणि सरे विश्व त्याला जसे वंदन करते, तशीच तशीच ही मुद्रा व् तिचा लौकिक वाढत जाईल…..!

Full Name	Shivaji Bhosale
Born	February 19, 1630 (debated) at Shivneri Fort near Pune (India)
Died	April 3, 1680 at Raigad Fort, Pune
Reign	1674-1680 CE
Coronation	June 6, 1674
Successor	Sambhaji
Father	Shahaji Bhosale
Mother	Jijabai
Step-brother	Ekoji I
Religion	Hinduism
Sons	Sambhaji Bhosale, Rajaram Bhosale
Daughters	Sakhubai Nimbalkar, Ranubai Jadhav, Ambikabai Mahadik, Rajkumaribai Shirke.
Consort	Saibai (Nimbalkar)
Wives	Soyarabai (Mohite), Putalabai (Palkar), Sakvarbai (Gaikwad), Kashibai (Jadhav)
About	Shivaji Bhosale was a 17th century warrior of India. He led to the development of an independent Maratha kingdom having Raigad as its capital.
Education	As stated by Tarikh-i-Shivaji, Shivaji was personally trained by Dadoji Konddeo, a trusted friend. Shivaji soon became a good warrior as well as a skilled horse-rider. Shivaji was trained in martial arts by Kanhoji Jedhe and Baji Pasalkar, the military commanders. He learnt swordmanship by Gomaji Naik Pansambal.
Soldiers	In order to safeguard his kingdom, Shivaji formed a force of 100,000 soldiers, and built both inland and coastal forts.
Combat with Afzal Khan	In 1659, Afzal Khan, an experienced and veteran general, was sent to destroy Shivaji . With the intention to drag Shivaji to the battleground where Shivaji could be attacked by the Bijapuri army, Afzal Khan deconsecrated Hindu temples at Tuljapur and Pandharpur. However, Shivaji requested Afzal Khan in a letter to meet for negotiation. In the battle, Afzal Khan was severely injured by Shivaji's army, followed by an attack on the Bijapuris by the hidden army of Shivaji.
Battle of Pratapgarh	On November 10, 1659, forces of Shivaji defeated the forces of the Bijapur Sultanate in the Battle of Pratapgarh. The Bijapur army lost more than 3,000 soldiers. Also, two sons of Afzal Khan were imprisioned.
Battle of Kolhapur	On December 28, 1659, Shivaji attacked the Bijapuri forces near Kolhapur and defeated them.
Clash with the Mughals	After the officers of Shivaji raided the Mughal territory in March 1657 near Ahmednagar, the conflict between Shivaji and the Mughals started. Followed by raids in Junnar, during which Shivaji gathered 300,000 hun in cash and 200 horses. In response, Aurangzeb sent Nasiri Khan, who successively defeated the forces of Shivaji at Ahmednagar.
Battle of Chakan	The Battle of Chakan, fought between the Mughal Empire and the Maratha Empire, took place in 1660. Aurangzeb ordered Shaista Khan to attack Shivaji with his army of 150,000. At the end, Pune and the Fort of Chakan were captured by the Mughals. However, later the Marathas were able to re-capture the fort, and Shaista Khan returned to Agra.
Treaty of Purandar (1665)	On June 11, 1665, the Treaty of Purandar was signed between the Rajput ruler Jai Singh I, the commander of the Mughal Empire, and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Jai Singh circumvented the Purandar fort and Shivaji had to sign an agreement.
Arrest in Agra and Escape	In 1666, Shivaji was invited to Agra by Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb wanted Shivaji to go to Kandahar to consolidate the northwestern frontier of Mughal empire. However, Shivaji felt humiliated and left the court. As a result Shivaji was arrested. Shivaji planned his escape as he came to know that Aurangzeb had planned to get him killed.
Battle of Nesari	In 1674, Prataprao Gujar, the then commander-in-chief of the Marathas, defeated the Adilshahi general Bahlol Khan and his forces in the battle. Prataprao's forces had cut off their water supply, because of which Bahlol Khan decided to take action for peace. Later, Prataprao released Bahlol Khan despite Shivaji's warnings.
Conquest in Southern India	In 1674, the Marathas raided Khandesh in October, captured Bijapuri Phonda in April 1675, Karwar in mid-year, and Kolhapur in July. In November, a fight took place between the Maratha navy and the Siddis of Janjira. In early 1676, Peshwa Pingale battled against the Raja of Ramnagar. In March 1676, Athani was raided by Shivaji and later in the year Belgaum and Vayem Rayim were also besieged by him. At the end of 1676, the Adilshahi forts at Vellore and Gingee were captured by Shivaji.
Death and succession	Shivaji died around April 5, 1680 at the age of 52 due to fever and dysentery. Soon after his death, several rumours followed about the cause of his death. On the one hand, the Muslims held the opinoin that Shivaji had died of a curse from Jan Muhammad of Jalna, whereas some Marathas believed that that Soyarabai, his second wife, had killed him by giving him poison as she wanted Rajaram, her 10-year-old son, to be enthroned.
Forts	By the time his career was about to descend, Shivaji had captured 360 forts, including the important forts at Kondana (Sinhagad), Torana, Murambdev, and Purandar. Some new forts were also built by Shivaji.
Navy	In order to protect the lands and sea trade from the British, Abyssinians, pirates, Arabs and Portuguese and Shivaji uilt a strong naval force. He also built a number of sea forts and bases for the purpose of storage and shelter.
Films	Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy
Literature	Sadhan Chikitsa, Vasudeo Sitaram Bendrey Shivaji, a biography by Setu Madhavrao Pagdi Shriman Yogi, Ranjit Desai Raja Shivchhatrapati, Babasaheb Purandare
Poetry and music	Shivraj Bhushan by Kavi Bhushan Raigadala Jevha Jaag Yete, Vasant Kanetkar Jaanta Raja, Babasaheb Purandare
Television	Veer Shivaji, a TV series Raja Shiv Chhatrapati, a TV serial